Method of and apparatus for making paper



March 30 1926.

Filed March 22, 1924 Patented Mar. 30, 1926.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

ANTON J. HA'UG, OF NASHU'A,

MAINE.

NEW HAMPSHIRE, ASSIGNOR TO IMPROVED PAPER MACHINERY COMPANY, OF NASHUA,

NEW HAMPSHIRE, A CORPORATION METHOD OF.AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING PAPER.

Application filed March 22, 1924. Serial No. 701,118.

To all wk am it concern:

Be it known that I, ANTON J. HAUG, a. citizen of the United States, and a resident of .Nashua, in the county ofHillsborough and State of New Hampshire, have invented an Improvement in Methods of and Apparatus for Making Paper, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification,

like characters on the drawings representing like parts. v

This invention relates to paper making and more particularly to methods of and apparatus for forming and handling a web or fibre layer while in a moist or formative stage and removing the excess water therefrom.

The invention will be best understood by reference to the following description whentaken in connection with the accompanying illustration showing onespecific embodiment and application thereof, while its scope will be more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the drawings,-

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of an apparatus embodying one form of the invention; and

Fig." 2 isa detail of the parts for moving the couch roll.

Referring to the shown for illustrative purposes one form of the invention embodied ing in. part an apparatus of the type illustrated in my prior Patent No. 1,045,211, dated January 31, 1922, but the same as to many of its features may b'eadapted to various uses and applied to apparatus of quite dissimilar type.

Referring more particularly to the specific embodiment of the invention there illustrated, the same comprises a web-forming apparatus employing a tank 3 having a stock chamber 5 within-which is mounted the cylindrical screen drum or cylinder mold 7,

drawings, I have there in a structure utiliz-' i the latter being partly immersed in the stock I screened liquid or white water passin through the ends of the cylinder mold through. suitable discharge orifices (not shown).

It is desirable in this class of machinery that the pulp supply be evenly distributed and that its flow be steady and calm in all parts of the tank. For this purpose the stock is first admitted through a. feed spout or compartment 9 in which it rises and flows over a weir 11 into an intermediate chamber or compartment 13 which extends outside of and beneath the stock chamber 5 to the opposite side thereof where the pulp then flows over a second weir 15 into the stock chamber at the descending side of the cylinder mold, flowing through the tank in the direction of rotation of the cylinder mold. I v

The fibres are deposited onthe wire covering of the cylinder mold forming a layer of pulp which is brought up by the revolving mold and subjected to the action of the couch roll 17 which rests in direct frictional contact with the cylinder'mold and is driven by its engagement therewith.

The couch roll may be of any suitable construction which is adapted to remove by pressure and direct'contact'with the cylinder mold the accumulated wet fibre thereon. It may be constructed, for example, of wood, covered with a woolen or felt jacket of suitable thickness to take up the fibre and to some extent extract the moisture therefrom. The pressing of the stock by the couch roll, however, is intended primarily to close the sheet so that it can be picked up by the roll.

The web passing under the couch roll is next squeezed under heavier pressure between the couch roll and an expressin roll 19 which expresses water from the weii and allows it to. drain away without interference structed so as to be capable of withstanding till till

considerable pressure and may, be similar to th-atdescribed in my aforesaid prior patent where there are provided a series of spiders assembled upon the sleeve, the latter mounted on a shaft 21, the circumferential edges of the spiders providing a series of supporting rings which is covered by a perforated sheet-metal covering adapted to withstand considerable surface pressure. The couch roll is at a level considerably of the perforated expressing roll, so that the expressed water can readily drain away into the interior of the expressing roll and through the perforations at the bottom thereof without again coming in contact withthe web. A trough 23 (similar to that shown in my prior co-pe-nding application, Serial No. 612,033, filed January 11, 1923) may be provided beneath the expressing roll to receive liquid expressed from the web and maintain a body of liquid in which the lower part of the expressing roll is immersed. This tends to wash the accumulated fibres from the perforations ofthe expressing roll. The liquid from the trough 23 overflows into the stock chamber 5. v 1

The web (which is represented at a) passes over the expressing roll and is then engaged between the latter and the imperforate pressing roll 25, the latter being mounted so that it may be pressed toward .the expressing roll and exert pressure against the web still heavier than that to which the latter has previously been subjected. The pressing roll 25 has a smooth, hard surface and tends to express a large for example,

part of the remnant moisture from the web,

the water passing down through the perforations of the perforated roll to the interior and out through the bottom thereof. Much of the air at the same time is expelled from the web, so that the latter clings to the roll 25 and passes around the underside thereof, being stripped from the roll by a doctor blade 27 and falling on the feed apron 29, whence it is carried to an apparatus for imparting to it the final compression,

It will be seen that in that part of the machine so far-described four rolls are provided-whieh maintain three contact points. The stocksheet varies in thickness and at each contact point provision should be had whereby. the rolls are free to separate more or less to admit of this'variation while still maintaining the desired pressure. Provision is herein had whereby the coacting rolls at each point of contact are under yieldable pressure, permitting the necessary automatic separation without disturbing-the conditions at any of the two remaining contact points. Thus, in the illustrated embodiment of the invention, the couch roll is free to move to and from the cylinder mold without affectpreferably located above that of the axis ing its relation-to the perforated roll 19 and is also free to move to and from the perfos rated roll without affecting its relation to the cylinder mold. Similarly the heavy pressing roll25is free to move to and from the perforated roll without affecting the relation of the latter to the couch roll or the contact of the couch roll with the cylinder mold.

For this purpose in the described embodiment of the invention, the shaft 21 of the perforated roll is mounted in bearings fixed on the machine frame. At each side of the machine there is provided a lever arm 31 having a pivotal axis coinciding with the axis of the expressing rolli shaft 21. Each end of the couch roll shaft is journaled in a bearing block 33 mounted on the lever 31 and adapted to slide on the same. The end of each lever 31 rests upon an adjustable compression spring 35 by which the pressure on the couch roll against the mold may be decreased as required. If found necessary to increase the pressure, adjustable weights 3? may be used at the ends of the levers 31.

The necessary pressure between the couch roll 17 and the perforated roll 19 is normally maintained by an arrangement which includes at each side of the machine a link 39 one end of which connects the couch roll bearing block 33 with one arm 110f a bell crank lever pivoted at the side of the machine frame, the opposite arm 43 of the lever being weighted at 45 to draw the bearing blocks and the couch roll toward the per forated expressing roll 19. The pressure between the two rolls may be adjusted by the weights 45. lever pivot coinciding with the center of the perforated roll, the couch roll is free to move to and from its contact point with the cylinder mold but its movement describes an arc, the center of which is at the axis of the perforated roll so that any movement of the couch roll away from the cylinder does not interfere with its contact with orpressure against the perforated roll. 0n the other hand, movement of the couch roll bearings along the pivoted levers 31 has no substan tial effect on the contact or pressure of the couch roll on the cylinder mold.

To obtain pressure between the heavy pressing roll 25 and the perforated roll 19,- the former is mounted in bearings carried at each side of'the machine by a lever 47, which latter is pivoted at 49 on a standard 51. Each lever 45! has an extension 53 which is secured by the dependinglink 55 to a lever 5'? pivoted at 59 near the bottom of the machineframe, the opposite end of the lever having anadjustable weight 61. v means of the latter the pressure between the rolls 25 and'19may be regulated and pressure and contactbetwe'ert these rolls may be automatioally adjusted to suit the varying thick The center of the couch roll ness of the web without affecting the conditions between the remaining rolls.

It will be observed that all contact points between various rolls are exposed and can be readily observed. Also that the entire framework and supports are so designed as to make these points readily accessible.

It is very desirable that the rolls should not contact with each other when the machine is not in operation so that the true cylindrical surfaces of the rolls may be preserved intact and without deformation.

For this purpose provision is made whereby the operator canreadily lift the couch roll away from the cylinder mold. The bottom of each lever arm 31 is adapted to be enga ged'by an eccentric or cam 63 secured to a transverse. shaft 65 mounted on the machine -frame. This shaft (see Fig. 2) has secured to it a worm gear 67 meshing with a-worm 69 secured tothe short shaft at one side of the machine, so that the operator by turning the hand-wheel 71 on the shaft 69 can turn the eccentrics and raise the couch roll away from the mold. The shaft 65 is also provided adjacent each cam 63 with a winding drum 73 connected by a rope or cable 75 to the bearing block 33 so that when the shaft is revolved to lift the couch roll the cable 75 is wound around the pulleys and the,

couch roll simultaneously moved away from the perforated roll against the pull of the weights 45. This leaves inder mold and perforated roll.

To raise the heavy pressing roll'25 from mounted on arms secured to the upright 51..

By turning the hand-wheels each frame or housing 81 is depressed causinga shouldered p portion thereof to engage with the rearward extension 77 of the lever and thereby lift the pressing roll 25 from the perforated roll against the pull of the weight 61. the hand-wheels are reversely turned the screw 91 acts to lower the pressing roll until it contacts with-the perforated roll, further movement thereof acting to lift the 'shoul- .dered portion of each frame 81 from its lever 79 so that the automatic up and down movement ofthe roll 25 is unimpeded.

Referring now to the apparatus for applying the final pressure to the web, the same is provided with two bottom rolls 95 and 97 rangement the web the machine with the couch roll separated from both the cylagainst,

be turned and turning move- When which are out of contact with each other and draining drum through which the eX- pressed moisture may pass "into a suitable tank below; The overlying roll 99 is preferably smooth and imperforate and of any suitable material, such as wood. The web a after being stripped from the roll 25 descends on the feedapron 29 and'passes between the rolls 95 and 99, and thence between the rolls 97 and 99, winding around the latter, from which it may be out 01f either by hand or automatically in the form of slabs of sheets when built of sufficient thickness or it may be removed from the top roll in a continuous sheet. I

It will be observed that the first bottom roll 95 is set higher than the succeeding bottom. roll 97 so that the top roll 99 exerts a greater pressure on the web'over the second roll than over the first. Through this arincreased pressures, the last "pressing being "heavier than the first. By this arrangement a heavier, sheet can be handled without crushing under the press rolls and a sheet can be pressed drier than can be done on the ordinary press,

In the disclosed embodiment of the inventhe upper press roll 99 is pressed the bottom roll by-anyv suitable tion,

means, such levers. For this purpose the bearings of the press roll 99 are mounted ateach side of, the machine in an upright standard 101' having a limited vertical movement, the lower end of on one end of the machine frame by the link 105. Near the opposite end there is a depending link 107 connected to the underlying lever 109 pivoted at 111, the opposite endof the lever 109 being provided with latter the weight of the press roll itself may be supplemented re'ssure to any .desired amount. I

To raise the pressroll 99 out of contact with the'bottom rolls 95 and 97 when the machine is out of operation the free end of the lever 103 is pivotally connected to a threaded sleeve'115 cooperating with the screw 117, the latter being adapted to be raised and lowered by the hand-wheel 119 andsuitable worm gear connections, similar in principle to those described in connection with the roll 25.

\Vhile' I have herein shown for purposes of illustration one specific embodiment of the invention, it is to be understood that the same is not limited to the mechanical deis pressed by stages of as a system of weights and more or less to increase the i the standard being pivoted to the lever 103 one end ofwhich is supported adjustable weights 113. By means'of the 6 tails herein shown or to the form or relative arrangement of parts, but that extensive dew viations may bemade therefrom, a1l-without departing from the spirit of theinvention.

' Claims.

1. In an apparatus for handling a moist fibre web, the combination with a train of rotary members adapted to convey the web in succession from one to another, the same comprising a cylinder mold, a couch roll, a perforated expressing roll pressed against the couch roll and a press roll pressed against the perforated expressing roll, of provision permitting relative separation of said rotary members at the three points of engagement each without affecting the re lation between the remaining members.

2. In an apparatus for handling a moist fibre web, the combination with a-train of rotary members adapted to convey the web in succession from one to another, the same .comprising a cylindermold, a couch roll,

and a perforated expressing roll pressed against the couch roll, one of said members being mounted to move toward and from another member-in a cuivilinear path C011: centric with the axis of the remaining member. 1

3. In an apparatus for handling a moist fibre web, the combination with a train of rotary members adapted to convey the web in succession from one to another, the same including a cylinder mold, a couch roll and a perforated expressing roll, of a device to. provide a yieldable pressure between the? couch roll and ter to move to and from the cylinder mold in a path concentric with the axis of the expressing roll.

4. In an apparatus for handling a moist fibre web, the combination with a cylinder mold, of a couelrroll, a perforated expressing roll pressed against the couch roll, a support for the couch roll bearings pivoted at a point substantially concentric with the axis of the expressing roll and permitting the couch roll to move toward and from the cylinder mold without affecting the relation between the couch roll and the perforated roll.

5. In an apparatus for handling a moist fibre web, the combination with a cylinder mold, of a couch roll, an' expressing roll, couch roll supports pivoted at the axis of the perforated roll, and bearings for the couch roll mounted for movement lengthwise said supports to permit the couch roll to be pressed against the perforated roll and independently against the cylinder mold.

6. In an apparatus for handling a moist fibre web, the combination with a train of rotary members adapted to convey the web in succession from one to another, the same expressing roll, and a support for the couch roll permitting the latcomprisin a cylinder mold, a couch roll, a perforate expressing rollv pressed-agamst the couch roll, and a press roll pressed mit relative separation of the couch roll and cylinder mold and couch roll and perforated roll, each independently of the other, and" movably, mounted bearings for the press roll to permit the latter to move toward and from the perforated roll.

7. An 'apparatusfor handling a moist fibre web,'comprising a train of expressing rolls adapted to take the web in succession from one to another and comprising an intermediate roll with provision for yieldably separating each one relatively to the preceding and succeedin roll, one of said rolls being movable int he path concentricwiththe axis ofone of the remaining rolls.

8. An apparatus for'handling a moist fibre web, comprising a train of expressing rolls adapted to convey the web in succession from one to another and comprising an intermediate roll, a, succeeding roll with means for yieldably pressing it toward the intermediate roll, a preceding roll with hearing supports permitting it to move in a path concentric with the axis of the intermediate roll, and means for yieldably pressing the belaring supports toward the intermediate in l.

9. An apparatus for handling a moist fibre web, comprising a train of expressing rolls adapted to convey the web in succession from one to another, and including an intermediate roll, a succeeding roll having movable bearings carried by weighted supports to yieldably depress the succeeding roll against the intermediate roll, a preceding roll with bearings mounted on sup ports pivoted concentrieallywith the axis of the intermediate roll, said bearings being movable on said supports toward and from the latter roll, and weighted levers secured thereto to yieldably press the preceding roll toward the intermediate roll.

10. In an apparatus for handling a moist fibre web, the combination with a cylinder mold, of a gravity depressed couch roll cooperating therewith, an expressing roll cooperating with the couch roll and adapted to take the web therefrom, bearing supports for the couch roll pivoted concentrically with the expressing roll, said couch roll having hearings on said bearing supports with means yieldably pressing the couch roll toward the expressing roll lengthwise said bearing supports.

11. In an apparatus for handling a moist fibre web, the combination with a cylinder mold, of a gravity depressed couch roll 00- operating from the therewith, an expressing roll cooperatin with the couch roll and adapted to take t e web therefrom, bearing supports for the couch roll pivoted concentrically with the expressing roll, said couch roll having bearings on said bearing supports with means yieldably pressing the couch roll toward the expressing roll lengthwise said bearing supports, an additional press roll adapted to take the web from the preceding expressing roll, said last named roll being mounted in movable bearings, and means for yieldably pressing said roll toward said preceding roll.

12. In a paper making machine, the combination with a couch roll, of a perforated expressing roll adapted to take the web couch roll, a further expressing roll engaging the perforated roll and adaptedto take the web away from the latter and means -for.positive1y movin and holding from contact with the perforated roll.

" ing roll with means 13. In an apparatus for handling a moist fibre web, the combination with a cylinder mold, of a couch roll, a pair of expressing rolls adapted to convey the web in succession from one to'another, the second expressing roll being yieldably depressed toward the first, and means for positively raising the second roll and holding it out of contact with the first.

14. In an apparatus for handling a moist fibre web, the combination with a cylinder mold, of a couch roll, an expressing roll adapted to take the web from the couch roll, a press roll resting against the expressing 101 and adaptedto take the ,Web therefrom, pivoted arms supporting the press roll, and worm and gear mechanism for moving said arms to raise the press roll.

15. An apparatus for handling a moist fibre web having a train of rotary members, comprising a cylinder mold, a couch ,roll yieldably pressed toward the cylinder mold, an expressing roll with means for yieldably pressing the same in relation to the couch roll, a press roll with means for yieldably pressing the same in relation to the expressing roll, and devices for separating said rotary members each from its companion membcr and holding the same separated when the machine is out of operation.

16. In an apparatus for handling a moist fibre web, the combination with a cylinder mold, of a couch roll, a perforated expressing roll with means for yieldably pressing the two rolls into engagement, and mechanism to raise the couch roll from the cylinder mold and simultaneously to separate the couch roll and perforated roll.

17. In an apparatus for handling a moist fibre web, the combination with a cylinder mold, of a couch roll, a perforated expressfor yieldably pressing the two rolls into engagement, mechanism to raise the couch roll from the cylinder mold and simultaneously to separate the couch roll and perforated roll, the same includin pivoted supports for the couch roll, an couch roll bearings movably mounted on said supports.

'18. In an apparatus for handling a moist fibre Web, the combination with a cylinder mold, of a couch roll, a perforated expressing roll with means for pressing the rolls relatively toward each other, devlces to sep arate the couch roll from the cylinder mold, and devices to separate the perforated roll from the couch roll.

19. In an apparatus for handling a moist fibre web, the combination-with a cylinder mold, of a couch roll, a perforated expressing roll, supports for' said-couch roll pivoted at the axis of the expressing roll, devices for moving the supports to separate the couch roll from the cylinder mold, and devices for moving the couch roll on the supports to separate the same from the expressing roll.

20. In an apparatus for handling a moist fibre web, the mold, of a couch roll, a perforated expressing roll with means for yieldably pressing the two rolls into engagement, mechanism to raise the couch roll from the cylinder mold and simultaneously to. separate the couch roll and perforated roll, the same including pivoted supports for thecouch roll, bearings movably mounted on said supports, and a hand operated device adapted to simultaneously raise the supports to separate the couch roll from the cylinder mold and to combination with a cylinder move the bearings to separate the couch roll sliding the bearings on said arms simultaneously with the raise thereof.

22. An apparatus for handling a moist fibre web, comprising a web carr ing memher, a perforated expressing rol pressing against the web on said member to express water therefrom, a press roll to receive the web from said perforated roll, and a train of press rolls to which the web is delivered, including a pair of adjacent rolls over which the web passes in succession and an overlying roll yieldably depressed against said adjacent rolls, the succeeding one of said adjacent rolls being at the lower level than including supthe preceding one to increase thereat the pressure of the overlying roll on the web.

23. Inan apparatus for pressing and drying a moist fibre web, the combination with two adjoining but separated erforated rolls, of an overlying down toward both underlying rolls, and means for feeding the web to pass first between the overlying press roll and one of the underlying rolls and then between the overlying press roll and the remaining underlying roll.

24:. In an apparatus for pressing and drying a moist fibre web, the combination with two adjoining but separated perforated rolls, of an overlying press roll yieldably pressed down toward both underlying rolls, and means for feeding the web to pass first between the overlying press roll and one of the underlying rolls and then between the overlying press roll and the remaining underlying roll, said remaining underlyingroll being at a lower level than its companion to increase the pressure of the press -roll thereat;

25. In an apparatus for pressing and drying a moist fibre web, the combination with two adjoining but separated rolls, of an overlyin press roll yieldably pressed down toward hoth underlying rolls, and means for feeding the web to pass first between the overlying press roll and one of the underlying rolls and then between the overlying press roll and the remaining underlying roll. 26. In an apparatus for handling a moist fibre web, the combination with means for initially expressing and draining the water from the web, of devices for further expresspress roll yieldablv pressed,

ing the water therefrom comprising a pair of adjoiningbut separated perforated expressing rolls and a weighted overlying press roll resting against both underlying rolls, and means to feed the web to pass between the overlying press roll and the underlying rolls in succession.

27. An apparatus for handling a moist fibre web, comprising a pair of separated but adjacent perforated expressing rolls, an overlying press roll pressed against said expressing rolls, means for conveying a web to pass between the press roll and said underlying rolls in succession, and means for positively raising the overlyingpress roll to separate the same from the underlying rolls.

28. The method of draining a continuous web of moist fibre which consists in passing the web over a perforated roll and applying pressure to express the water from the web through the perforations of the roll, and conveying the web between a common press roll and a pair of perforated rolls in succession to express further moisture therefrom.

29. The method of draining a continuous web of moist fibre which consists in passing the web over a perforated roll and applying pressure to express the water therefrom, and then conveying the web between a common press roll and a pair of perforated rolls in succession and subjecting the web to an increasing pressure as it passes over the last named perforated rolls.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my name to this specification.

ANTON J. HAUG. 

